доц. д-р Таня Шивачева, д-р Жаклин Димова, асистент
Първа катедра по вътрешни болести, Клиника по ревматология, МУ-Варна, УМБАЛ „Св. Марина“, гр. Варна
Ревматоидният артрит (РА) е комплексно системно възпалително заболяване, което засяга предимно диартралните стави, но може да засегне и други органи и системи в тялото. Етиологията на болестта е мултифакторна и включва генетични, екологични и имунологични фактори, като крайният резултат е активация на имунната система, автоантитела срещу тъкани в ставите и други органи. Това води до появата на възпаление, болка, отоци и ограничена подвижност на засегнатите стави, както и до други системни прояви като умора, повишена температура и загуба на тегло[1].
В миналото, преди появата на биологичната терапия, РА често предизвикваше трайни увреждания на ставите и намаляваше качеството на живот на пациентите. След въвеждането на биологичната терапия лечението на РА се подобри значително и сега повечето пациенти могат да се ползват от ефективни методи за контрол на болестта. Въпреки това РА продължава да бъде хронично заболяване и неподходящото лечение или неоткриването на болестта могат да доведат до сериозни последици за здравето. Най-честите проблеми, свързани с РА, са лошо качество на живот, свързано със здравето, повишен риск за сърдечно-съдови заболявания (ССЗ) и други съпътстващи заболявания като депресия и умора. От това следва, че е важно да се диагностицира РА рано и да се прилагат подходящи методи за лечение, за да се подобри качеството на живот на пациентите и да се намали рискът от сериозни последствия. Продължителността на живот на болните с РА е обикновено по-кратка в сравнение с общото население. Според някои проучвания средната продължителност на живот на болните с РА може да бъде намалена с 3-7 години поради риска от ССЗ, както и поради възможността за развитие на други заболявания, свързани с РА.
CVD: сърдечно-съдови заболявания; МИ: миокарден инфаркт; РA: ревматоиден артрит[по 12]
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